Click the General link under Categories and check the box by Use Single-Key Accelerators to Access Tools and click OK. To activate the keyboard shortcuts, go to the menu bar under Adobe Acrobat and select Preferences > General. The common ones, cut, copy, paste, are available, but the ones that let you quickly perform tasks within contextual menus, need to be activated.
Yes, there are keyboard shortcuts within Adobe Acrobat, it’s just that they’re not on by default.